Popocatepetl Developments!
The volcano continues at highly elevated levels.
The activity has been picking up in the early morning yesterday as a short-term lava-fountaining eruptive episode took place from the summit vent. From the available webcam imagery, lava jets onset appeared to start at about 05:22 local time by an impressive lava fountain of up to perhaps a hundred meters above the crater, following nearly 6-minute continuous bursting fountaining accompanied by ejecting incandescent lava bombs. The eruptive episode calmed down at approx. 05:28 local time. Dense grey ash emissions continued during the eruption and darkened the sky above Puebla town.
It seems there have been more episodes like this, and it could be a beginning of a new series of paroxysms.
Seismic records registered 1389 minutes of volcano-tectonic tremor and 5 ongoing emissions of water vapor, gas and ash over the past 24 hours.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres volcano activity update 23 May 2023
The paroxysm episode at Popocatépetl volcano in the early morning yesterday (source: CENAPRED)
Speed X10:
https://twitter.com/i/status/1660617137570865152
https://twitter.com/i/status/1660617137570865152
https://twitter.com/i/status/1660618151225094144
Sustaining ash-rich emissions resulting from another (likely) paroxysm episode in the evening yesterday (source: CENAPRED);
https://twitter.com/i/status/1660807474537021443
A spectacular shockwave generated from a powerful explosion on 20 May (source: Il Mondo dei Terremoti);
https://twitter.com/i/status/1660580487713177601
BACKGROUND:
Volcán Popocatépetl, whose name is the Aztec word for smoking mountain, towers to 5426 m 70 km SE of Mexico City to form North America's 2nd-highest volcano. The glacier-clad stratovolcano contains a steep-walled, 250-450 m deep crater. The generally symmetrical volcano is modified by the sharp-peaked Ventorrillo on the NW, a remnant of an earlier volcano.
At least three previous major cones were destroyed by gravitational failure during the Pleistocene, producing massive debris-avalanche deposits covering broad areas south of the volcano. The modern volcano was constructed to the south of the late-Pleistocene to Holocene El Fraile cone. Three major plinian eruptions, the most recent of which took place about 800 AD, have occurred from Popocatépetl since the mid Holocene, accompanied by pyroclastic flows and voluminous lahars that swept basins below the volcano. Frequent historical eruptions, first recorded in Aztec codices, have occurred since precolumbian time.
Update May 30:
https://twitter.com/i/status/1662750813381337090
The continuous strong eruptive episode (so-called paroxysm) dominates the volcano and is now in progress at the summit vent.
Pulsating lava fountains shot up to perhaps a hundred meters above the crater, accompanied by sustained vigorous ash-rich emissions in the night of 28 May.
Intense powerful explosions continue to generate abundant grey ash plumes spewing to estimated 21,000 ft (6,400 m) elevation associated with glowing bomb ejecta. Soon after landings, the vast edifice area is being constantly illuminated by fragmented incandescent material.
Seismic records registered 1425 minutes of volcano-tectonic tremor over the past 24 hours.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. The alert status remains at Yellow Phase 3.
People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres volcano activity update 29 May 2023
Pulsating lava fountains shot up to perhaps a hundred meters above the crater, accompanied by sustained vigorous ash-rich emissions in the night of 28 May.
Intense powerful explosions continue to generate abundant grey ash plumes spewing to estimated 21,000 ft (6,400 m) elevation associated with glowing bomb ejecta. Soon after landings, the vast edifice area is being constantly illuminated by fragmented incandescent material.
Seismic records registered 1425 minutes of volcano-tectonic tremor over the past 24 hours.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. The alert status remains at Yellow Phase 3.
People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres volcano activity update 29 May 2023
Update June3
The high-frequency tremor signal has decreased significantly over the past 48 hours, the CENAPRED reported.
Seismic records registered 11 minutes of amplitude tremor over the past 24 hours associated with 219 emissions of light amounts of ash and occasional incandescent fragments.
Vulcanian activity continues from the summit vent at weakened levels but still remains above long-term average values. Ash plumes continue to reach nearly the same altitudes of about 19,000 ft-20,000 ft (5,800 m-6,100 m) drifting south.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. The alert status remains at Yellow Phase 3.
People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres volcano activity update 2 June 2023
Seismic records registered 11 minutes of amplitude tremor over the past 24 hours associated with 219 emissions of light amounts of ash and occasional incandescent fragments.
Vulcanian activity continues from the summit vent at weakened levels but still remains above long-term average values. Ash plumes continue to reach nearly the same altitudes of about 19,000 ft-20,000 ft (5,800 m-6,100 m) drifting south.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. The alert status remains at Yellow Phase 3.
People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres volcano activity update 2 June 2023
Update Jun5:
Another eruptive episode appeared at the volcano in the late afternoon yesterday.
At about 04:30 PM, after the recent rapid decrease of tremor, a new vigorous lava fountaining (likely to be classified as paroxysm) activity started to throw glowing lapilli-to-bomb-sized lava fragments, indicating rapid magma acceleration within the conduit towards the surface. Sustained hurling of incandescent ejecta accompanied by a typical strong ash-rich bursting continued at least until 08:00 PM.
Seismic records registered 319 minutes of amplitude tremor over the past 24 hours associated with 107 emissions of gas, water vapor and ash.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. The alert status remains at Yellow Phase 3.
People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Bursting lava fountains and ash emissions yesterday evening (source: CENAPRED)
At about 04:30 PM, after the recent rapid decrease of tremor, a new vigorous lava fountaining (likely to be classified as paroxysm) activity started to throw glowing lapilli-to-bomb-sized lava fragments, indicating rapid magma acceleration within the conduit towards the surface. Sustained hurling of incandescent ejecta accompanied by a typical strong ash-rich bursting continued at least until 08:00 PM.
Seismic records registered 319 minutes of amplitude tremor over the past 24 hours associated with 107 emissions of gas, water vapor and ash.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. The alert status remains at Yellow Phase 3.
People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Bursting lava fountains and ash emissions yesterday evening (source: CENAPRED)
Update Jun8:
Based on the recommendation of the Comité Científico Asesor (CCA) in participation with the Coordinación Nacional de Protección Civil (CNPC), a decision has been made to decline the current Level 3 alert for the volcano back to Level 2.
The decision followed short-term fluctuating levels at the volcano, i.e. there might lead to either increase or decrease in the general activity. Monitored data indicate a slight drop of detected parameters over the last few days, characterized by small amounts of ash emissions, glowing lava bombs, and low-to-moderate amplitude tremor. Vulcanian-type explosions have been mostly mild only, but fluctuated in both frequency and intensity.
The current phase of the volcano, beginning in September 2022, indicates rising batch of magma shifting inside the volcano's conduit. Volcanologists have found the process not finished yet.
According to the committee, the most likely short-term scenario is that the activity itself will continue to vary, meaning it might either increase or decrease. Given the fluctuating intensity, the alert level for the volcano may be recommended to raise its level back to Level 3 in the upcoming days or weeks.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Seismic records registered 202 minutes of amplitude low-to-moderate tremor including a volcano-tectonic earthquake M 1.2 over the past 24 hours associated with 76 emissions of gas, water vapor and ash.
The explosive eruption at the volcano continues at reduced values. At 12:11 PM yesterday, an eruption occurred from the summit crater.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres volcano activity update 7 June 2023
The decision followed short-term fluctuating levels at the volcano, i.e. there might lead to either increase or decrease in the general activity. Monitored data indicate a slight drop of detected parameters over the last few days, characterized by small amounts of ash emissions, glowing lava bombs, and low-to-moderate amplitude tremor. Vulcanian-type explosions have been mostly mild only, but fluctuated in both frequency and intensity.
The current phase of the volcano, beginning in September 2022, indicates rising batch of magma shifting inside the volcano's conduit. Volcanologists have found the process not finished yet.
According to the committee, the most likely short-term scenario is that the activity itself will continue to vary, meaning it might either increase or decrease. Given the fluctuating intensity, the alert level for the volcano may be recommended to raise its level back to Level 3 in the upcoming days or weeks.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Seismic records registered 202 minutes of amplitude low-to-moderate tremor including a volcano-tectonic earthquake M 1.2 over the past 24 hours associated with 76 emissions of gas, water vapor and ash.
The explosive eruption at the volcano continues at reduced values. At 12:11 PM yesterday, an eruption occurred from the summit crater.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres volcano activity update 7 June 2023
Update Jun20:
An eruptive episode appeared at the volcano in the early morning yesterday.
At about 05:00 AM, a new vigorous lava fountaining (likely to be classified as paroxysm) activity was being observed by surveillance cameras throwing incandescent lapilli-to-bomb-sized lava fragments, indicating rapid magma acceleration within the conduit towards the surface. Sustained hurling of incandescent ejecta accompanied by a typical strong white ash-rich bursting.
Seismic records registered 567 minutes of amplitude tremor over the past 24 hours associated with 45 emissions of gas, water vapor and ash.
The crater area of the volcano remains closed for climbing as the risk of being caught in sudden explosions is very high. The alert status remains at Level 2.
People are advised to avoid the crater area within a 12 km radius. Additionally, the warning bulletin states that lahars (mud flows) could also occur if heavy rainfalls remobilize fresh ashfall deposits.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres volcano activity update 20 June 2023
.PNG)
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